P0307 is the date code (March 7th, 1966). 6Z142867 is the VIN of the car it came out of. In this case it came out of a 1966 Chevelle built in the Fremont, California plant.
Yes, all M22 tranmissions came with the drain plug but remember, transmissions may have been rebuilt and parts swapped several times over the years, so the only real way to tell if it's an actual M22 is to pull the cover and look at the gears.
Ed